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SUMMARY:ECE Faculty Seminar: Sumientra Rampersad
DESCRIPTION:Faculty Seminar: Is temporal interference the key to noninvasive deep brain stimulation? Answers from simulation studies in mice and humans. \nSumientra Rampersad \nLocation: Zoom Link \nAbstract: Transcranial current stimulation (tCS) has been used for two decades to noninvasively investigate and influence brain function in both healthy volunteers and clinical populations. While many positive effects have been found\, the goals of high focality\, accurate targeting and deep stimulation are yet to be achieved. Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a new form of tCS that might improve the method on all three fronts. tTIS uses two alternating currents to create an amplitude-modulated electric field that can peak deep in the brain. A recent murine study showed promising effects of tTIS and concluded that the technique may be used as a noninvasive form of deep brain stimulation in humans\, but results from human experiments have not yet been published. In this talk I will present results of finite element simulations with realistic head models to investigate the electric fields induced by tTIS in the brain\, comparing results in murine and human head models for tTIS and conventional tCS. Due to the nonlinear nature of tTIS\, conventional methods to optimize tCS fields for a specific brain target cannot be used. I will present two nonconvex optimization methods for tTIS and compare their efficiency and results. Finally\, I will discuss the implications of the results of these simulation and optimization studies for potential applications of tTIS in humans. \nBio: Sumientra Rampersad is an Assistant Research Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Northeastern University in Boston\, where she leads the Brain Stimulation & Simulation Lab. Dr. Rampersad’s research aims to improve understanding of the working mechanisms behind neuromodulation and improve its application using computational methods and experiments with human subjects. She investigates invasive (ECoG\, sEEG) and noninvasive (tCS\, TMS) brain stimulation\, as well as peripheral stimulation\, and is especially interested in bridging the gap between modeling and experiments through model-based experimentation. Her research in collaboration with various academic and clinical partners has been awarded funding by NIA\, NINDS and NIMH. Dr. Rampersad was previously a research scientist in Northeastern’s Cognitive Systems Lab and obtained her PhD at the Radboud University Donders Institute in Nijmegen\, the Netherlands.
URL:https://coe.northeastern.edu/event/ece-faculty-seminar-sumientra-rampersad/
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SUMMARY:Urban-scale Measurements and Modeling Fate & Transport of PFAS Across Media
DESCRIPTION:Join the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the PROTECT Center for a seminar with the EPA’s Dr. Kiran Alapaty\, who will deliver a talk titled “Urban-scale Measurements and Modeling Fate & Transport of PFAS Across Media.” \nSeminar Abstract: \nPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) have gained attention due to their adverse health effects as well as unknown exposures to legacy and novel compounds. As many of these compounds are stable and persistent\, many PFAS compounds have been detected worldwide across different media in the total environment. Thus\, comprehensive multi-media PFAS chemical concentration data are needed to study PFAS human exposure and health impacts. While some PFAS measurements and exposure studies are available\, no comprehensive PFAS measurement data exist at a continental scale. Also\, it is not clear to the local and federal government agencies as to how to account for the spatiotemporal distributions of PFAS contamination and associated long-term health impacts. Such issues are acute at local to urban scales. Thus\, the in-depth understanding of fate and transport of PFAS across media is much needed and may provide critical information for stakeholders. \nThe Washington Works plant in Parkersburg\, West Virginia has emitted long-chain perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) into the environment for decades and at present\, it continues to emit hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid [(HFPO-DA)\, GenX]. A database for PFOA at Parkersburg was developed and these PFOA measurements in air\, water\, and soil provide a good opportunity to validate the multi-media modeling system. \nWe are tailoring a robust and efficient suite of modeling tools to simulate PFAS fate and transport in air\, water\, and soil at urban scales. For air\, a state-of-the-art dispersion model (QUIC) is being tested for PFAS air modeling. For other media\, we are testing two state-of-the-art USGS models (MODFLOW and MT3D) for groundwater\, the BreZo model for surface water\, and EPA’s model PRZM-5 for vadose zone. These modeling tools can be used at seasonal to decadal timescales\, and their PFOA estimations can be provided as input data to a high throughput physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to estimate human exposure to PFAS. The combination of multi-media modeling system and PBPK model bridges the gaps between PFAS emissions and human exposure estimates and thus can provide the basis for epidemiological studies. This research opens doors to study the association between human exposure to PFAS and specific human diseases. \nSpeaker Bio:  \nKiran Alapaty is the Senior Science Advisor in the Atmospheric & Environmental Systems Modeling Division in the ORD of US EPA. His research interests are in air quality modeling and model development\, PFAS life cycle modeling\, integrated assessment modeling\, convective cloud parameterization development\, boundary layer modeling\, climate change and exposure science\, and socio-economics. In the past\, he was the Chief of the Climate Branch of the AMA Division with research interests in improving regional climate data for use with exposure science research. \nBefore joining EPA in 2011\, for several years Kiran was at DOE HQ as a Program Director for the DOE’s national climate program managing DOE’s National Labs and research grants.  Prior to that\, he was also a Program Director at the National Science Foundation managing climate research at NCAR and academia. \nKiran holds an MS in Aerospace Engineering from the Indian Institute of Sciences and a PhD in Atmospheric Science from North Carolina State University. \n  \nAbout the Lunch & Learn Seminar Series: \nA new Bimonthly seminar series from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE)\, focusing on convergent research\, bringing together Northeastern colleagues and collaborators to think big/bold\, explore ideas that build cooperation\, and foster transformative innovation within CEE and across disciplines beyond CEE. \nDue to COVID restrictions\, this event remains virtual-only. Please bring your own lunch and join us online.
URL:https://coe.northeastern.edu/event/urban-scale-measurements-and-modeling-fate-transport-of-pfas-across-media/
ORGANIZER;CN="Civil & Environmental Engineering":MAILTO:civilinfo@coe.neu.edu
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