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DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20221208T110000
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DTSTAMP:20260617T212735
CREATED:20221130T213045Z
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SUMMARY:Danlin Jia's PhD Dissertation Defense
DESCRIPTION:“Towards Performance and Cost-efficiency for Data-intensive Applications in Distributed Data Processing Systems” \nAbstract: \nData-intensive science (DIS) has experienced a significant boom in the past decade. The emerging technologies of data-intensive services and infrastructures contribute to DIS’s development and raise challenges. An ecosystem has been constructed considering performance\, scalability\, sustainability\, and reliability to provide a high-quality service to DIS applications. The ecosystem consists of services exposed to users for application deployment and infrastructures to support data storage\, transfer\, and management from the system’s perspective. DIS applications share typical features\, such as memory and I/O intensity. Thus\, addressing the bottlenecks triggered by memory-intensive or I/O-intensive workloads in services and infrastructures is essential to improve the performance and cost-efficiency of the whole ecosystem. In this dissertation\, we investigate the characteristics of various DIS applications and design new resource allocation and scheduling schemes for the services and infrastructures in the DIS ecosystem. \nWe first investigate memory optimization in DIS ecosystems. In-memory data analytic frameworks are proposed to cache critical intermediate data in memory instead of in storage drives. Apache Spark is a commonly adopted in-memory data analytic framework with two memory managers\, Static and Unified. However\, the static memory manager lacks flexibility. In contrast\, the unified memory manager puts heavy pressure on the garbage collection of the Java Virtual Machine on which Spark resides. To address these issues\, we propose a new learning-based bidirectional usage-bounded memory allocation scheme to support dynamic memory allocation considering both memory demands and latency introduced by garbage collection. Distributed data-processing workloads in container-based virtualization take advantage of resource sharing\, fast delivery\, and excellent portability of containerization but also suffer from resource competition and performance interference. This inevitably induces performance degradation and significantly long latency\, even worse when over-provisioning. Motivated by this problem\, we design an efficient memory allocation scheme (RITA) for containerized parallel systems to improve data processing latency. RITA monitors applications’ memory usage and cache characteristics and dynamically re-allocates memory resources. \nWe also propose I/O optimizations for DIS applications and infrastructures. Distributed Deep Learning (DDL) accelerates DNN training by distributing training workloads across multiple computation accelerators\, e.g.\, GPUs. Although a surge of research has been devoted to optimizing DDL training\, the impact of data loading on GPU usage and training performance has been relatively under-explored. When multiple DDL applications are deployed\, the lack of a practical and efficient technique for data-loader allocation incurs GPU idleness and degrades the training throughput. In this dissertation\, we thus investigate the impact of data-loading on the global training throughput and design a resource allocator that uses the data-loading rate as a knob to reduce the GPU idleness. Finally\, designs and optimizations on disaggregated storage systems supported by cutting-edge storage and network techniques emerge dramatically. Disaggregated storage systems can scale resources independently and provide high-quality services for hyper-scale architectures. The traditional congestion control mechanism relieves congestion by limiting the data-sending rate of senders. However\, such a design scarifies the storage drive’s performance as data are generated but stalled on storage host nodes if network congestion happens. To solve this issue\, we design a storage-side rate control mechanism to mitigate network congestion while avoiding sacrificing I/O performance. \nCommittee: \nProf. Ningfang Mi (Advisor) \nProf. Xue Lin \nProf. David Kaeli
URL:https://coe.northeastern.edu/event/danlin-jias-phd-dissertation-defense/
LOCATION:MA
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20221208T140000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20221208T160000
DTSTAMP:20260617T212735
CREATED:20221202T151226Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20221202T151226Z
UID:34671-1670508000-1670515200@coe.northeastern.edu
SUMMARY:Chuangtang Wang's PhD Proposal Review
DESCRIPTION:“All-optical Control of Magnetization in Nanostructures” \nCommittee: \nProf. Yongmin Liu (Advisor) \nProf. Don Heiman \nProf. Nian X. Sun \nAbstract:\nThe switching of magnetization by a femtosecond laser within several picoseconds has recently gained substantial attention\, because it promises next-generation\, energy-efficient\, and high-rate data storage technology. One of the most intriguing demonstrations is the helicity-dependent switching (HD-AOS) of a ferromagnet\, in which the magnetization states can be deterministically written and erased using left- and right-circularly polarized light. However\, the challenge is to realize a single-pulse HD-AOS. Controlling the spin angular momentum transfer from light to magnetic materials in nanostructures is the key to advance this field.\nIn my thesis research work\, I will study the all-optical control of magnetization in different nanostructures\, aiming to better understand the underlying mechanisms of HD-AOD and accelerate the technology development. Firstly\, helicity-driven magnetization dynamics in heavy metal/ferromagnet Au(Pt)/Co bilayer by the optical spin transfer torque (OSTT) is experimentally explored. The wavelength-dependent measurement of OSTT reveals that the quantum efficiency of OSTT strongly depends on the interface electronic structure and pump energy. The Inverse Faraday effect (IFE)\, which is believed to be the driving mechanism of HD-AOS\, is subsequently investigated in an Au thin film. The dependence of IFE on photon energy implies that the orbital angular momentum contribution to IFE is dominated by the excitation of laser pulses. To the best of our knowledge\, it is the first demonstration of this phenomenon. Lastly\, I will discuss our recent results on plasmonics-enhanced all-optical control of magnetization. Light can be tightly confined in plasmonic structures\, which can potentially enable low-energy and high-density magnetic data storage.
URL:https://coe.northeastern.edu/event/chuangtang-wangs-phd-proposal-review/
LOCATION:138 ISEC\, 360 Huntington Ave\, 138 ISEC\, Boston\, MA\, 02115\, United States
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DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20221208T160000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20221208T170000
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SUMMARY:The Quantum Age: From Bell Pairs to Quantum Computers
DESCRIPTION:Nobel Physics Colloquium 12.8 @4pm \nEvery year\, the Physics Department celebrates the Nobel Prize in Physics by inviting a renowned expert in the field of the awardees to introduce the ideas and advances that lead to their nomination. This year\, we are fortunate to host Prof. Vladan Vuletić\, from MIT\, and expert in quantum optics and emergent quantum technologies such as quantum computers. \nSpeaker: Prof. Vladan Vuletić\, MIT \nTitle: The Quantum Age: From Bell Pairs to Quantum Computers \nAbstract: Quantum mechanics has not one but two mysteries: the double-slit experiment and quantum correlations (entanglement) between two or more particles. Criticized by Einstein as “spooky action at a distance”\, entanglement is now seen as an essential part of the physical world\, in part thanks to the recipients of the 2022 Nobel Prize. The Bell inequalities\, introduced in 1964 to experimentally distinguish local hidden variable theories from quantum physics\, have been confirmed to agree with quantum mechanics in the Nobel-Prize winning and many other experiments. \nBuilding on entangled Bell pairs\, the last few years have seen a remarkable development in our ability to control many neutral atoms individually\, and induce controlled interactions between them on demand. This progress ushers in a new era where one can create highly entangled states of many particles\, break certain limits for quantum sensors\, or study quantum phase transitions. I will present results on quantum sensing enhanced by entanglement\, and on quantum simulation with atomic arrays containing more than 250 atoms. Finally\, I will discuss prospects for near- and medium-term neutral-atom quantum computers with full quantum error correction. \nBio: Professor V. Vuletić earned the Physics Diploma with highest honors from the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München\, and in 1997\, a Ph.D. in Physics (summa cum laude) from the same institution. While a postdoctoral researcher with the Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Garching\, Germany\, Professor Vuletić accepted a Lynen Fellowship at Stanford University in 1997. In 2000\, he was appointed an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics at Stanford and in June 2003 accepted an Assistant Professorship in Physics at MIT. He was promoted to Associate Professor in July 2004. He was promoted to Full Professor in July 2011. \nResearch Interests include laser cooling and trapping\, quantum physics\, quantum entanglement\, quantum optics\, quantum information processing. The idea of the research of the Vuletić group is to develop new methods to manipulate many-body states in a regime where the quantum mechanical aspects dominate their behavior and their properties. On the one hand\, this should lead to new tools that allow one to probe physical laws and to measure fundamental constants with increasing precision. On the other hand\, the progress of experimental methods also drives the advances in our understanding of the ever mysterious\, beautiful\, accurate\, yet deeply dissatisfying structure of quantum mechanics. This interplay between theoretical concepts and experimental realizations promises to be very fertile in fields such as quantum control\, quantum feedback and its limits\, many-particle quantum systems\, and many-particle entanglement (quantum computing). We use various methods\, but most include laser-cooled atoms (to be able to keep atoms localized\, and attain long coherence time) and laser-light interaction to manipulate the atoms\, the photons\, or both\, at the quantum level. Using internal states of atoms in combination with laser light\, which has essentially zero entropy\, allows us to reduce thermal noise without having to cool the atoms to very low (sub-microkelvin) temperatures. \nProf. Vuletić was awarded by Lester Wolfe Career Development Chair in 2003\, Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship in 2003-2004\, and APS Fellowship “for pioneering advances across AMO physics\, including quantum information and precision measurement with atomic ensembles\, cavity QED\, atomic collisions and Casimir forces for atom condensates near surfaces” in 2012. He is one of the founders of QuEra Computing\, a Boston-based company developing quantum computers based on neutral Rydberg atoms. \n168 Snell Engineering Center or Zoom
URL:https://coe.northeastern.edu/event/the-quantum-age-from-bell-pairs-to-quantum-computers/
LOCATION:168 SN\, 360 Huntington Ave\, Boston\, MA\, 02115\, United States
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DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20221208T180000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20221208T190000
DTSTAMP:20260617T212735
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SUMMARY:Summer 1\, 2023 Panama DOC: International Applications of Fluid Mechanics – Info Session
DESCRIPTION:If you are interested in learning fluid mechanics through relevant examples in an international setting in a Dialogue Of Civilization (DOC) program this summer in Panama\, please join the Zoom Info Session on Thursday\, December 8th at 6:00 pm. By participating in this program\, you will gain an international perspective on the real-life applications of fluid mechanics\, while learning about the culture and history of this burgeoning and diverse Latin America country. This program will take place in Summer 1\, 2023 and will include travel to 3 relevant engineering projects (including the Panama Canal) in different locations in Panama. Two courses are offered under this program: \n\nME 3480 – International Applications of Fluid Mechanics (4SH; equivalent to ME 3475\, ME degree core course requirement)\nStudies fundamental principles in fluid mechanics in an international setting. Students have an opportunity to travel to a foreign locale to develop theoretical understanding while experiencing the issues that affect applications of fluids engineering in a culture and environment different from their own. Topics include hydrostatics (pressure distribution\, forces on submerged surfaces\, and buoyancy); Newton’s law of viscosity; dimensional analysis; integral forms of basic laws (conservation of mass\, momentum\, and energy); pipe flow analysis; differential formulation of basic laws including Navier-Stokes equations; and the concept of boundary layer and drag coefficient.\n\n\nME 4699 – Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering: Fluid Mechanics Engineering Analysis within the Socio-Cultural\, Political and Economic History of Panama (4SH)\nThis course is designed for college undergraduate students who are interested in addressing and analyzing fluid mechanics related engineering problems and solutions in the context of the traditions\, cultures\, and socioeconomic and political history of Panama\, seeking to obtain a solid grasp on the historical developments of the country and their effects on contemporary fluid mechanics engineering projects and issues.\n\nThe courses and program will be taught and run by Prof. Carlos Hidrovo Chavez. \nPlease visit the program website for more information.
URL:https://coe.northeastern.edu/event/summer-1-2023-panama-doc-international-applications-of-fluid-mechanics-info-session-3/
LOCATION:MA
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