Northeastern University College of Engineering

3rd New England Hardware Security Day (NEHWS)
2023-04-07 | Raytheon Amphitheater (240 Egan), 360 Huntington Ave, 240 Egan, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
New England Hardware Security (NEHWS) Day workshop brings together many students, researchers, practitioners, and industry partners in the field of hardware security to share their work and foster new ideas.
The annual event is jointly organized by faculty at Northeastern University, UMass Amherst, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Yale University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and University of New Hampshire. NEHWS attracts a hardware-security focused community of participants from academia and industry, offering a vibrant environment for researchers and engineers to share their latest research and development advances and engage in networking.
NEHWS 2023 will be held as a one-day workshop on April 7, 2023 in the Raytheon Amphitheater at Northeastern University. It will feature invited talks, poster sessions, panels, student forums, and industry engagement sessions. Students will have the opportunity to receive travel grants sponsored by the National Science Foundation.
Registration is free.

Dr. Karl Reid - Building an Inclusive & Diverse Community (ALLIED)
2023-04-07 15:30 - 16:30 (America/New_York) | 232 ISEC, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
Northeastern University’s ALLIED talk series (Allies for Leading, Learning, Inclusion, and Education of Disabilities) Talk Series

ATTENDANCE: We will regularly have food and beverages available at each event. We encourage you to bring a friend (or two!) as these events will be fun, engaging, and informative.
CALENDAR: Download our event calendar for this year to add to your Gmail, Outlook, or Calendar app (instructions here). Alternatively, access the live calendar using this link.
VOLUNTEERING: If you’d like to volunteer to help organize ALLIED events this year, please let us know by responding to this email. This is a great opportunity to work on exciting projects with an engaging and diverse group of people, alongside bonus goodies and food!
ACCOMMODATIONS: All ALLIED events are hosted in a hybrid format and have an ASL interpreter and closed captioning. If you have any questions regarding accessibility, please respond to this email.

Tirthak Patel's Dissertation Defense
2023-04-11 12:00 - 13:00 (America/New_York) | 442 Dana, 360 Huntington Ave, 442 DA, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
“Robust System Software for Quantum Computing”
Committee Members:
Prof. Devesh Tiwari (Advisor)
Prof. David Kaeli
Prof. Ningfang Mi
Prof. Gene Cooperman
Prof. Kenneth Brown
Abstract:
Despite rapid progress in quantum computing in the last decade, the limited usability of quantum computers remains a major roadblock toward its wider adoption. Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers produce highly erroneous program outputs for quantum-advantage-proven algorithms — that is, algorithms that are infeasible or orders of magnitude slower on classical supercomputing and high-performance computing (HPC) clusters. Unfortunately, currently, quantum computing programmers lack robust system software tools and methods to make meaningful use of erroneous program executions on quantum computers.
This lack of capability is the core motivation behind the fundamental question this dissertation poses: “can we build system software tools for programmers to make the quantum program execution and output meaningful on NISQ machines?” This dissertation answers this question in the affirmative— experimentally demonstrating on real-system quantum computers that it is possible to extract near-accurate program output from noisy executions on today’s erroneous quantum computers, ironically using classical HPC resources and knowledge. This dissertation demonstrates how to achieve this goal without requiring user intervention, domain knowledge about quantum algorithms, or additional quantum hardware support.
Unfortunately, as this dissertation uncovers, progressing toward making quantum computers usable is a double-edged sword. In the near future, only a few entities in the world may have access to powerful quantum computers, and these quantum computers will be used to solve previously-unsolved large-scale optimization problems, possibly without an explicit trust model between the service provider and the customer. Therefore, this dissertation envisions that the solutions to such large-scale optimization problems will be considered sensitive and will need to be protected. This dissertation takes the first few steps toward preparing us for that future by developing a novel method that intelligently obfuscates near-accurate program output and quantum circuit structure to preserve a customer’s privacy under a specified computation model and resource availability.
The approaches introduced in this dissertation open up new research avenues for hybrid quantum-classical computing and lower the barrier to entry for quantum computing research for the experimental computer systems and HPC community by open-sourcing multiple novel datasets and software frameworks implemented for real-system quantum computers.
Candidate Bio:
Tirthak Patel is an incoming Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Rice University; currently, a PhD candidate at Northeastern University, advised by Professor Devesh Tiwari. Tirthak conducts systems-level research at the intersection of quantum computing and high-performance computing (HPC). His research contributions have appeared at rigorously peer-reviewed publication venues including ASPLOS, Supercomputing (SC), HPDC, HPCA, and USENIX FAST, and have been recognized with multiple award distinctions. He has received the ACM-IEEE CS George Michael Memorial HPC Fellowship, the NSERC Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarship, and the Northeastern University Outstanding Graduate Student in Research award, for his research contributions toward making noisy quantum computing systems useful and helping HPC programmers solve computationally challenging problems.

Virtual Campus Q&A (Arlington Campus)
2023-04-12 12:00 - 13:00 (America/New_York) | MA
This is a virtual opportunity for those interested in learning more about Northeastern in Arlington.
About the Event
Join us during your lunch hour to hear about the programs we offer in Arlington and how to become connected with our campus.
Topics this event will cover include:

Program overview of offerings that are available for prospective students in Arlington.
Questions and concerns for those considering submitting an application, or for those who have started or completed one.
Campus overview of Arlington, campus resources, faculty and staff questions, campus tours, and life in Arlington.

Virtual
Join us on Zoom at 12:00 p.m. – 1:00 p.m. EST. RSVP

IER Open House
2023-04-12 15:00 - 17:00 (America/New_York) | 532 ISEC, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
Following our success with last year’s Open House, we are again opening the lab up to visitors! This year, demos will be held on the 5th floor of ISEC by Yingzi Lin, Ilya Vidrin, Alireza Ramezani, Taskin Padir, Kris Dorsey, Rob Platt, and Hanu Singh. In Richards Hall, Dagmar Sternad, CJ Hasson, and Max Shepherd will be hosting demos as well.

The flyer for this event is attached. Please reach out to Noah (n.smith@northeastern.edu) with any questions! Make sure to register here: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/institute-for-experiential-robotics-open-house-tickets-603775106597

Gordon Institute Virtual Information Session
2023-04-12 17:30 - 18:30 (America/New_York) | MA
Learn how you can earn a Graduate Certificate in Engineering Leadership as a stand-alone certificate or in combination with one of twenty Master of Science degrees offered through Northeastern’s College of Engineering, College of Science, or Khoury College of Computer Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering recognized The Gordon Institute of Engineering Leadership (GIEL) for its innovative curriculum that combines technical education, leadership capabilities, and the “Challenge Project”: an opportunity for students to receive master’s level credit while working in industry.
By aligning technical proficiency with leadership capabilities, GIEL accelerates the development of high-potential engineers and prepares them to lead complex projects early in their careers. Upon completing the program, more than 88% of the 2021 class reported increased leadership responsibility, while more than 50% of the 2021 class reported being promoted within one year of graduation.
Our Director of Admissions will answer your application questions for Fall 2023.
You will have the opportunity to hear from Alumni on how The Gordon Institute propelled their engineering careers. Program professors will also be present to answer curriculum questions.

RISE 2023
2023-04-13 13:30 - 16:30 (America/New_York) | Matthews Arena, 238-262 St Botolph St, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
This year’s RISE Expo will take place on the afternoon of Thursday, April 13, with live poster presentations in Matthews Arena from 1:30 PM – 4:30 PM ET.
RISE is the showcase for research and creative projects being undertaken by everyone at Northeastern: learners from every year of study, every major, every campus, as well as faculty and staff. Undergraduate and graduate students are invited to share work that will be presented live as a poster talk on RISE day, while faculty and staff can share published work on a Faculty and Staff Works Table.
RISE 2023 Timeline

January 23, 2023: Abstract portal opens.
February 22, 2023: Abstracts due.
March 22, 2023: Posters due. For those not in Boston, we’ll also host posters in a virtual gallery where they can be shared across the global campus network.
April 12, 2023: RISE Presenter special event.
April 13, 2023: RISE Expo at Matthews Arena, virtual gallery for those who cannot present in person.

Hussein Hussein’s PhD Dissertation Defense
2023-04-13 16:00 - 17:00 (America/New_York) | 432 ISEC, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
“Parametric Circuits for Enhanced Sensing and RF Signal Processing”
Committee Members:
Prof. Cristian Cassella (Advisor)
Prof. Marvin Onabajo
Prof. Matteo Rinaldi
Prof. Andrea Alù
Abstract:
Massive deployments of wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) that continuously detect physical, biological or chemical parameters are needed to truly benefit from the unprecedented possibilities opened by the Internet‑of‑Things (IoT). Just recently, new sensors with higher sensitivities have been demonstrated by leveraging advanced on‑chip designs and microfabrication processes. Yet, WSNs using such sensors require energy to transmit the sensed information. Consequently, they either contain batteries that need to be periodically replaced or energy harvesting circuits whose low efficiencies prevent a frequent and continuous sensing, even impacting the maximum range of communication. Here, we discuss a new battery-less and harvester-free remote sensing tag, namely the subharmonic tag (SubHT), leveraging unique nonlinear characteristics to fundamentally break any previous paradigms for passive WSNs. SubHT can sense and transmit information without requiring supplied or harvested DC power. Also, it transmits the sensed information at a difference frequency from the one of its interrogation signal, rendering its reader immune from multi-path, from clutter and from its own self‑interference. Also, even though SubHT may not require any advanced and expensive manufacturing, its unique nonlinear response enables extraordinary high sensitivities and dynamic ranges that can even surpass those achieved by the most advanced on-chip sensors. More interestingly, SubHT can be even configured to operate in a “threshold sensing” mode, making it able to respond to any interrogation signal only when the sensed parameter has exceeded a remotely reprogrammable threshold, as well as to memorize any violation in a sensed parameter without requiring any memory components. In this talk, the first SubHT prototypes for temperature sensing will be showcased. Even more, we will show how including high quality factor (Q) resonators in a SubHT’s network allows to implement even more functionalities, such as the long-range identification or tracking of any items or localization and navigation in a GPS denied environment. Yet, the dynamics exploited by SubHT can also be leveraged to address various needs along radio-frequency (RF) chains. In this regard, we show how the SubHT’s nonlinear dynamics can be leveraged to build components, such as parametric filters, frequency selective limiters and signal to noise enhancers, that improve the stability of RF frequency synthesizers and instinctually suppress co-site or self-interferes, paving an unprecedented path towards integrated radios with improved performance and longer battery-life time.

First Year Engineering Expo
2023-04-14 09:00 - 13:00 (America/New_York) | 368 SN, 360 Huntington Ave, 368 SN, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
The First Year Engineering Program is hosting their Annual First Year Engineering Expo on April 14 from 9:00 AM to 1:00 PM in 208, 268, 308, & 368 Snell Engineering Center. The event is an opportunity for first-year engineering students to showcase their work and projects to the wider community. Attendees can expect to see innovative projects covering a wide range of focuses from carnival games to robotics. The event is free and open to the Northeastern community.

COE FacDev Fridays: Using ChatGPT for Teaching and Research
2023-04-14 13:00 - 14:00 (America/New_York) | MA
An upcoming information session will provide academicians with an opportunity to learn how to effectively use ChatGPT for teaching and research purposes. This session will be particularly useful for educators and researchers who are interested in utilizing natural language processing technology to streamline their work processes and improve the quality of their outputs. During the session, attendees will learn how to use ChatGPT to generate text, answer questions, and provide recommendations based on user input. Additionally, they will have the opportunity to discuss potential use cases and receive guidance on how to integrate ChatGPT into their workflows. Overall, this information session promises to be a valuable resource for academics seeking to leverage cutting-edge technology to enhance their research and teaching practices.

Dr. Ralf Schlosser - Autism Awareness (ALLIED)
2023-04-14 15:30 - 16:30 (America/New_York) | 232 ISEC, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States

NURobotics Game Night
2023-04-14 19:00 - 22:00 (America/New_York) | MA
Come to the NURobotics Potluck, Murder Mystery Game Night this Friday at 7 pm in 440 Richards.

Fun Lab at the Boston Children's Museum
2023-04-15 14:00 - 16:00 (America/New_York) | MA
17 interactive electronic games have been invented, built, and coded by first-year engineers, and they will be exhibited for one day at the Boston Children’s Museum. The museum is located at 308 Congress St., Boston. Children and parents are invited to play all of the games!
This family-friendly event is included with paid admission to the Boston Children’s Museum. Northeastern alumni can purchase discounted museum tickets at this link.

First Year Engineering Escape Rooms and Carnival
2023-04-16 10:00 - 20:00 (America/New_York) | MA
The First Year Engineering Students are putting on an Escape Room and Carnival on the First Floor of Hastings Hall. The Escape Rooms start at 10:00 AM and run until 8:00 PM while the Carnival Begins at 1:00 PM and runs until 4:00 PM. We invite the College of Engineering Community to take part in this special event that showcases the Cornerstone of Engineering course.

Northeastern in Seattle: Build Your Tech Talent
2023-04-17 10:00 - 12:00 (America/Los_Angeles) | MA
Whether you’re entirely new to computer science or have dabbled in coding, you can advance your career with Northeastern University in Seattle’s monthly Build Your Tech Talent workshops. These free events give anyone looking to develop coding skills the chance to learn from industry experts.
Our June workshops include:
Computer Forensics with Sarita Singh (on campus)

Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023
Time: 10:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m. PT

Register

Global Campus Spotlight Vancouver and Roux Instiutue
2023-04-18 10:00 - 17:00 (America/New_York) | MA
Join the College of Engineering as they explore programs and offerings on the Vancouver and Roux Institute campuses. Staff from admissions, the campuses, and students will be available to connect with during the session.
Register to join us.

Graduate Student Workshop: Skills for Small Talk in Networking
2023-04-18 16:00 - 17:00 (America/New_York) | MA
This virtual workshop helps build the necessary skills to navigate small talk in networking situations with ease and confidence. STEM graduate students will learn how to start conversations and how to build rapport with potential colleagues and collaborators. The workshop also covers strategies for turning small talk into meaningful connections and how to follow up after networking events.
Register via Zoom
Co-presented by Northeastern’s College of Engineering, College of Science, Global Student Success, Khoury College, and Network Science Institute.

GSE Wonder Week Series: Advanced and Intelligent Manufacturing
2023-04-19 09:00 - 10:00 (America/New_York) | MA
Join Dr. Zhu and Dr. Jin as they teach prospective students about the MS in Advanced and Intelligent Manufacturing program. This webinar will be held on April 19, 2023 at 9:00 am.
Register

Spring 23' Wonder Week: Arlington, VA Campus Spotlight
2023-04-19 10:00 - 11:00 (America/New_York) | MA
Interested to learn more about Northeastern University Arlington Campus? Then we welcome you to sign up for a virtual campus spotlight! Lead by our Arlington team. They’ll discuss key locations on and around campus, student life, and resources available to you.
Register

Chenghao Wang's MS Thesis Defense
2023-04-20 08:00 - 17:00 (America/New_York) | 532 ISEC, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
“Legged Walking on Inclined Surfaces”
Committee Members:
Prof. Alireza Ramezani(Advisor)
Prof. Miriam Leeser
Prof. Bahram Shafai
Abstract:
The main contributions of this MS Thesis are centered around taking steps towards successful multi-modal demonstrations using Northeastern’s legged-aerial robot, Husky Carbon. This work discusses the challenges involved in achieving multi-modal locomotion such as trotting-hovering and thruster-assisted incline walking and reports progress made towards overcoming these challenges. Animals like birds use a combination of legged and aerial mobility, as seen in Chukars’s wing-assisted incline running (WAIR), to achieve multi-modal locomotion. Chukars use forces generated by their flapping wings to manipulate ground contact forces and traverse steep slopes and overhangs. Husky’s design takes inspiration from birds such as Chukars. This MS thesis presentation outlines the mechanical and electrical details of Husky’s legged and aerial units. The thesis presents simulated incline walking using a high-fidelity model of the Husky Carbon over steep slopes of up to 45 degrees.

23' Wonder Week Series: Oakland, CA Campus Spotlight
2023-04-20 10:00 - 11:00 (America/New_York) | MA
Interested to learn more about Northeastern University Oakland Campus? Then we welcome you to sign up for a virtual campus spotlight! Lead by our Oakland team. They’ll discuss key locations on and around campus, student life, and resources available to you.
Register

Late Night Breakfast
2023-04-20 20:00 - 2023-04-21 00:00 (America/New_York) | MA
Hey Students: It’s the last stretch of the semester! The university invites you to take a break and refuel for finals at a late-night breakfast event hosted by university and college leadership and staff. Enjoy good food sourced from local farms and small businesses while hanging out with your friends on Thursday, April 20!
There are three locations:

39 Dalton (8:00-10:00pm): Donut Wall, Pastries, Coffee, and Tea
International Village (9:00-11:00pm): Donut Wall, Pastries, Coffee, and Tea
Stetson East (10:00pm-midnight): Full Breakfast Menu, including:

Fill-your-own “Fish Shaped” Waffles
Overnight Oats with Toppings
Breakfast Pizza and Calzones
Fried Chicken and Waffles
Bacon, Sausage, and Tots
Pancakes and French Toast
Eggs and Omelets to order
Donut Wall, Specialty Muffins, and Pastries

All locations will have a build-your-own STUDY CARE PACKAGE station. All students are welcome—just bring your NUID, no swipe needed. Hope to see you there!

Northeastern in Seattle: Build Your Tech Talent
2023-04-22 10:00 - 12:00 (America/Los_Angeles) | MA
Whether you’re entirely new to computer science or have dabbled in coding, you can advance your career with Northeastern University in Seattle’s monthly Build Your Tech Talent workshops. These free events give anyone looking to develop coding skills the chance to learn from industry experts.
Our April workshop includes:
Quantum Computing with Oscar Veliz (on campus)

Date: Saturday, April 22, 2023
Time: 10:30 a.m. – 12:00 p.m. PT
Register

GSE Wonder Week Series: Learn About MS in Pharmaceutical Engineering
2023-04-24 09:00 - 09:45 (America/New_York) | MA
Join us to learn more about Northeastern Graduate School of Engineering’s MS in Pharmaceutical Engineering.
Register

GSE Wonder Week Series: Learn more about Electrical and Computer Engineering Graduate Programs
2023-04-24 10:00 - 10:45 (America/New_York) | MA
Join us to learn more about the graduate programs offered in our Electrical and Computer Engineering department at Northeastern.
Register

GSE Wonder Week Series: Learn about our MS Product Development
2023-04-24 11:00 - 11:45 (America/New_York) | MA
Join us to learn more about the MS in Product Development.
Register

Cunzheng Dong's PhD Proposal Review
2023-04-24 11:00 - 12:30 (America/New_York) | MA
“Acoustically Actuated Magnetoelectric Antennas for VLF Communication and Magnetic Sensing”
Committee Members:
Prof. Nian Sun (Advisor)
Prof. Yongmin Liu
Prof. Hossein Mosallaei
Abstract:
Since the discovery of strong magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in two-phase ME laminate composites, strain-mediated ME heterostructures have attracted a great deal of attention from academic and industrial research groups for their potential usage in magnetic sensors, voltage tunable inductors, magnetic tunable filters, and miniaturized mechanical antennas, etc. Acoustically actuated ME antennas have recently been demonstrated as a promising solution for very low frequency (VLF) communications and magnetic fields detection, for their 2-3 orders of reduced dimensions, outstanding sensitivity at resonance, and robust immunity to electrical interferences than conventional electric antennas. Their performance and noise analysis are deeply investigated and discussed in this proposal review.
Firstly, A portable VLF communication system using one pair of ME antennas operating at their electromechanical resonance (EMR) is presented. The measured near-field radiation pattern reveals ME antennas are equivalent to magnetic dipole antennas. The magnetic field radiated by the ME transmitter has been predicted along with distance from near-field to far-field. The measured magnetic field distribution coincided well with the prediction, and the maximum communication distance of 120 m has been achieved by single antenna unit. Antenna arrays are widely used as an effective approach to enhance radiation field intensity. By tunning all the driving signal for each antenna unit at the same frequency and in phase, the total radiation field strength has been linearly enhanced by one order with 12 antenna arrays. Furthermore, nonlinear antenna modulation (NAM) has also been successfully demonstrated on the ME antennas.
Secondly, a Metglas/Quartz based ME resonator as magnetic sensor for reception of VLF magnetic signals is presented. Metglas is a highly permeable magnetostrictive material which can effectively concentrate the magnetic fields. Moreover, the high magnetostriction and low coercivity of Metglas can generate a distinct strain change in response to subtle magnetic fields. Piezoelectric single crystal Quartz is often used as electronic oscillators due to their extremely high Q factor with low noise and high stability. The combined properties of these two materials provide ME sensors an extremely high sensitivity and low magnetic noise of less than 10 fT at the EMR frequency. The VLF signal reception capability of the proposed ME sensor was also compared with a conventional VLF loop antenna and the PZT-5A based ME sensor.
Lastly, a compact and sensitive system was developed to characterize the magnetomechanical properties, such as the saturation magnetostriction, piezomagnetic coefficient, delta-E effect and magnetomechanical coupling factor of magnetic thin films. These magnetomechanical properties are critical in determining the performance of ME antennas. For saturation magnetostriction and piezomagnetic coefficient measurement, a high precision optical probe was harnessed to measure the deflection of the magnetic thin film/Si cantilever due to strain change induced by domain rotation. The same cantilever samples were used for delta-E effect and magnetomechanical coupling factor characterization, the DC bias magnetic field induced cantilever resonance frequency shift was used for calculating the change of elastic modulus.

GSE Wonder Week Series: Learn more about MS in Robotics
2023-04-25 08:00 - 08:45 (America/New_York) | MA
Join us to learn more about the MS in Robotics.
Register

GSE Wonder Week Series: Learn More About Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Graduate Programs
2023-04-25 09:00 - 09:45 (America/New_York) | MA
Join us to learn more about the Graduate Programs offered in the department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering department.
Register

Rashida Nayeem's PhD Dissertation Defense
2023-04-25 13:00 - 14:30 (America/New_York) | 206 Egan, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
“Human control of objects with nonlinear internal dynamics: Predictability as primary objective”
Location:
Egan Research Ctr 206
Committee Members:
Prof. Dagmar Sternad (Advisor)
Prof. Eduardo Sontag
Prof. Mario Sznaier
Dr. David Lin (Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School)
Abstract:
Humans physically interact with complex objects in numerous daily activities. An example is picking up a cup of coffee where interaction forces arise between the hand and the sloshing liquid. For successful actions, error corrections based on real-time sensed information are insufficient, hence humans need to predict and preempt the evolving dynamics. Our previous work on the transport of a “cup of coffee” showed that humans seek to make the interaction dynamics simple, i.e., predictable. Extending from previous work, this thesis used a virtual paradigm where the “cup of coffee” was simplified to a cup with a ball sliding inside, retaining the challenges of “a cup filled with coffee”: underactuation and nonlinearity. A series of experiments examined human strategies in different contexts to demonstrate that predictability is a control priority. The first experimental and modeling study examined how subjects explored and prepared the 2D cup-and-ball system prior to continuous interaction. Results showed that subjects converged to a small set of initial conditions that shortened initial transients, enabling subjects to reach a more predictable steady state faster. Two follow-up studies examined the role of visual and haptic information and revealed that despite suboptimal exploration of the solution space, subjects increased predictability of hand object interactions. System identification showed that visual information enabled subjects to simplify input-output behavior via appropriate object preparation. When deprived of haptic information subjects still achieved increased predictability but sacrificed orbital stability. A final study extended this basic paradigm to a clinical application to investigate if these insights could help in assessment of motor impairment after stroke in this functionally relevant ‘self-feeding’ task. To facilitate testing in a clinic, a real-life 3D device was custom-developed where individuals after stroke moved a cup with a rolling ball inside on a table. Our theory-based predictability metric proved highly sensitive to quantify the degree of motor impairment after stroke. Taken together, this thesis elucidated principles of human motor control in a complex interactive task. The insights have significant applications in clinical testing and may also inform robot manipulation of this understudied movement challenge.
